Mark Zinge
i have seen scams where people are selling cars and them someone overseas tells them they want to pay for the car via paypal
how is this a scam
they either put the money in your account or they don't so how can they scam you?
no money = no car , if you get the money then sale completed?
so what if they put $2000 in your account and you transfer it out of pay pal straight away then what does the scammer do?
Answer
There are several variations
1 - this article explains the most common one http://consumerist.com/2008/10/how-a-nigerian-steals-your-laptop.html but in the case of cars instead of you sending it, the fake paypal email will say that the money wil appear in your account once the "shipping company" picks up the car. Then the "shipper" (scammer using another fake name) picks up the car. You check paypal, no money. You call paypal - they tell you they didn't send any email and you gave your car to a stranger who didn't pay for it
2 - like 1, but it will appear as an overpayment asking you to wire a certain amount to the shipper through Western Union/Moneygram and your account won't be credited until you provide an MTCN number for the money tranfer
3 - they pay with a hacked paypal account, the money is there, and they hope they can pick up the car before the real account holder notices the account was hacked. Once they do, the real holder reports it to Paypal who debits your account
4 - they pay with a real account, pick up the car then file a chargeback. If you do not have proof that YOU arranged the shipping and have a delivery confirmation receipt, paypal will ALWAYS refund the buyer's money as per Paypal's terms https://cms.paypal.com/us/cgi-bin/?cmd=_render-content&content_ID=ua/UserAgreement_full#11.%20Protection%20for%20Sellers.
"11.5 Items/transactions not eligible for PayPal Seller protection. The following are examples of items/transactions not eligible for PayPal Seller protection.
Claims or Chargebacks for Significantly Not as Described.
Items that you deliver in person, including at a retail point of sale.
Intangible items, including Digital Goods, and services.
PayPal Direct Payments.
Virtual Terminal Payments.
PayPal Business Payments.
Items that are not shipped to the recipient address. If you originally ship the item to the recipient address but the item is later redirected to a different address, you will not be eligible for PayPal Seller protection. We therefore recommend not using a shipping service that is arranged by the buyer, so that you will be able to provide valid proof of shipping and delivery. "
Scammers know this and hope you don't. That's why they always offer to arrange their own shipping. If you do not ship the item, no matter what it is, to the buyer's address and have proof of shipping and delivery, Paypal will always side with the buyer. No exceptions. So they walk away with a free car
This is why Craigslist tells you to NEVER give your paypal details to anyone in their scam warnings
http://www.craigslist.org/about/scams
"NEVER GIVE OUT FINANCIAL INFORMATION (bank account number, social security number, eBay/PayPal info, etc.)
There are several variations
1 - this article explains the most common one http://consumerist.com/2008/10/how-a-nigerian-steals-your-laptop.html but in the case of cars instead of you sending it, the fake paypal email will say that the money wil appear in your account once the "shipping company" picks up the car. Then the "shipper" (scammer using another fake name) picks up the car. You check paypal, no money. You call paypal - they tell you they didn't send any email and you gave your car to a stranger who didn't pay for it
2 - like 1, but it will appear as an overpayment asking you to wire a certain amount to the shipper through Western Union/Moneygram and your account won't be credited until you provide an MTCN number for the money tranfer
3 - they pay with a hacked paypal account, the money is there, and they hope they can pick up the car before the real account holder notices the account was hacked. Once they do, the real holder reports it to Paypal who debits your account
4 - they pay with a real account, pick up the car then file a chargeback. If you do not have proof that YOU arranged the shipping and have a delivery confirmation receipt, paypal will ALWAYS refund the buyer's money as per Paypal's terms https://cms.paypal.com/us/cgi-bin/?cmd=_render-content&content_ID=ua/UserAgreement_full#11.%20Protection%20for%20Sellers.
"11.5 Items/transactions not eligible for PayPal Seller protection. The following are examples of items/transactions not eligible for PayPal Seller protection.
Claims or Chargebacks for Significantly Not as Described.
Items that you deliver in person, including at a retail point of sale.
Intangible items, including Digital Goods, and services.
PayPal Direct Payments.
Virtual Terminal Payments.
PayPal Business Payments.
Items that are not shipped to the recipient address. If you originally ship the item to the recipient address but the item is later redirected to a different address, you will not be eligible for PayPal Seller protection. We therefore recommend not using a shipping service that is arranged by the buyer, so that you will be able to provide valid proof of shipping and delivery. "
Scammers know this and hope you don't. That's why they always offer to arrange their own shipping. If you do not ship the item, no matter what it is, to the buyer's address and have proof of shipping and delivery, Paypal will always side with the buyer. No exceptions. So they walk away with a free car
This is why Craigslist tells you to NEVER give your paypal details to anyone in their scam warnings
http://www.craigslist.org/about/scams
"NEVER GIVE OUT FINANCIAL INFORMATION (bank account number, social security number, eBay/PayPal info, etc.)
Hypotheses testing question?
Q. I have been given the the question do cars from origin B have better fuel consumption than cars from origin A. I have been given the Means (A=13.04, B=7.89) the SD (A=4, B=1.68). It was a Simple random sample of 303 cars (A=239, B=73). I need to find the test statistic and P-value, and show working and evidence for my answer.
Answer
This is a difference in means tests (u1-u2). If the SD is the population sd, then you would use the z test. If it's the same sd, then you would the t test that doesn't use the pooled sd. You can find the respective formula in your book.
You have to be more specific when providing information for your question. When you say mean, doesn't that mean average miles per gallon? meaning 13 would be better fuel consumption than 7? Or does having a lower number mean better fuel consumption?
I'm going to assume it's the former. If it's the latter, just switch everything I say.
Now you want to test if B has better consumption. So you want to see if mean of A < mean of B. (I will write this as ua <ub.
So your hypothesis would be
Ho: ua - ub = 0
H1: ua < ub or ua - ub < 0
I'm assuming the sd's are the sample sd. If so, plug in all the info into the t test formula.
It should be something like [(x1-x2) - (u1-u2)]/sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2)
You have all the info provide. x1=13.04 s1^2=4^16 n1=239 u1-u2=0
You will now have your t score.
Figure out the degrees of freedom. It's either going to be n1+n2 - 2 or some weird long formula. I dont remember which one it was exactly. You should be able to find it in your book.
Now you should know that this is a one tailed (left) test because of the < in the h1.
Go to your t chart and figure out the p value.
If your sd's were population sds, then you would do the same thing, but use the z test and the z chart.
This is a difference in means tests (u1-u2). If the SD is the population sd, then you would use the z test. If it's the same sd, then you would the t test that doesn't use the pooled sd. You can find the respective formula in your book.
You have to be more specific when providing information for your question. When you say mean, doesn't that mean average miles per gallon? meaning 13 would be better fuel consumption than 7? Or does having a lower number mean better fuel consumption?
I'm going to assume it's the former. If it's the latter, just switch everything I say.
Now you want to test if B has better consumption. So you want to see if mean of A < mean of B. (I will write this as ua <ub.
So your hypothesis would be
Ho: ua - ub = 0
H1: ua < ub or ua - ub < 0
I'm assuming the sd's are the sample sd. If so, plug in all the info into the t test formula.
It should be something like [(x1-x2) - (u1-u2)]/sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2)
You have all the info provide. x1=13.04 s1^2=4^16 n1=239 u1-u2=0
You will now have your t score.
Figure out the degrees of freedom. It's either going to be n1+n2 - 2 or some weird long formula. I dont remember which one it was exactly. You should be able to find it in your book.
Now you should know that this is a one tailed (left) test because of the < in the h1.
Go to your t chart and figure out the p value.
If your sd's were population sds, then you would do the same thing, but use the z test and the z chart.
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